This article presents a study of Livonian social networks in the beginning of the 20th century during a time of language shift. In this study, the author examines whether the Livonian communities were experiencing a language shift irrespective of the population displacements during the two World Wars, which has often been given as the main reason for the Livonian language shift to Latvian.

ESUKA / JEFUL. Special issue “Studies on Livonian III”. 2018.

Full article: Patrick O’Rourke, Lībiešu savstarpējās saziņas tīkli un valodas nomaiņa = Livonian social networks and language shift [ESUKA – JEFUL 2018, 9–2]